Discussion topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion topic - Essay Example Thus, it would be justified to say that Casey Martin should have been allowed to use the cart in the PGA tours but justice was sacrificed by denying Casey the freedom to use his cart at the expense of the golf fraternity that would have been affected by the golfers’ action. Indeed, the decision that was taken could also be defended on the basis that he was a physically challenged golfer and allowing him to use a cart could affect the outlook of the game. Thus, one may argue that justice may have been used accurately granted because the decision was reliant upon matching equal entities and equal people. All these give the impression that theory of distributive justice perpetuates impartial justice. One can explain justice in theoretical aspects by viewing it behind a curtain of ignorance, which means that our personalities, class, moral characters, luxuries and talents are not exposed. It is agreeable that justice was purposed at giving people what they deserve. However, as discussed, it does not give everyone what is

Temperature change for CaCO3 and HCI

Temperature change for CaCO3 and HCI Research questions: When the temperature is digressed, or increased will the CaCO3 and HCI have a faster reaction? What happens when the reaction is happening? What happens when Caco3 and HCI meet each other? Answers: When calcium carbonate is heated it first reacts to the acid then after a while it turns CaCO3 into calcium Hydroxide. Its formed when ions bonds react to the acid which makes electric charge so it heats up. When CaCO3 and HCI reacts, it forms calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. The reaction between both compounds requires two parts HCI and CaCO3. The reaction is rapid and energetic at high concentrations. Large part due high affinity of calcium ions for chloride ions Depending on the temperature when Calcium chloride and Hydrochloric acid meet. Its charges start moving rapidly and a reaction will start to begin much faster. Both charges combine for a reaction to occur. Background info: The topic we have chosen is how temperature can change   calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid In different temperature like the normal temperature cold and hot. (dont know the science behind it yet) A reaction rate is the speed on how fast or slow the chemical reaction proceeds It is often said in terms of either concentration the amount of unit volume of a product that is formed in a unit of time.   When you increase the temperature, the particles speed up a lot but when you cool them down they get slower.   when its heated there is a faster reaction rate but when temperature is lowered, the reactions takes a lot longer cause the particles dont have a lot of energy has they would when heated. The collision theory is for ta chemical reaction to occur the reactant particles must collide together. Collisons with too little energy do not produce a reaction. It must have enough collisions to the energy can make the particles react. (still got to add research) The experiment the team is doing is testing what temperature change does to calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The way my research questions are going to help with the experiment is the ones I have are what we are manly looking for like. How long it takes for a reaction to occur, will the temperature change the original element. (forgot what my third was) they are what we manly are curious of and trying to find. (using photos as diagrams if I can) The chemical equation for calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is CaCO3+HCI-CaCI2+CO2+H20 Aim: The aim of the experiment is to exam if temperature changes the rate of reaction for CaCO3 and HCI for cold, hot and medium temperature. Hypothesis: It is hypothesised that when CaCO3 meets HCI it will react faster depending of the temperature. If the temperature is hotter it will have more energy cause its warm but if its colder they will react much slower cause they have a cold and have less energy. Its like real life people when cold we dont want to do anything but hot we want to do lots. When its medium temperature it will have a medium reaction rate. Equipment list: Beakers (x3) Thermometer Hot plate Ice cream bucket with ice Measuring tube Stop watches (x3) Calcium carbonate (3 grams) Scales Hydrochloric acid (144m total) Safety glasses Apron Gloves Method: Throughout the experiment everyone was required to wear the following safety gear glasses, apron and gloves. For the experiment after the group put all the Safety gear on the bench and on them. they moved on to grabbing the equipment then moving it slowly and carefully to the work bench. Once everything was out on the bench ready then the group grabbed the Calcium carbonate(CaCO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCI) then measured out the right amount for both scales were used for the CaCO3 and measuring tube for the HCI. After the HCI was poured into the beaker it was put in bucket full of ice or on a hotplate then the calcium went in. After five minutes of the hot plate or ice been in the bucket check the temp also make sure you remember the reaction rate time. After the experiment is complete pack up and clean the equipment then return all of it. Make sure you let the hotplates cool down before touching them. Experiment diagram: Risk table: Possible risks Solutions Glass break Get a dust pan and brush then put the glass in the hazard box also warn others about the glass Chemical spill on you If in eyes wash for a couple of mins at the eye wash but if on skin wash it off straight away at the sink or the shower Tripping Make sure all chairs and charger cords are not on the ground also make sure shoe lace is done up Hot plate Dont touch if hot wait for it to cool down Ingestion Dont swallow the chemicals Breathing in the chemical Dont sniff or purposely breath in the chemical Temperature results for CaCO3 and HCI: Calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid temp change Temp before combining the two elements Temp after (checked (degrees) Time for the reaction to occur and finish (start of reaction -finish of reaction) 1 cold 5 5 30 seconds 1 Medium 24 25 14 seconds 1 hot 45 47 7 seconds 2 cold 5 5 32seconds 2 medium 24 25 14 seconds 2 hot 45 46 8 Seconds Observations: When the calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid was put together for the cold test it triggered a reaction straight away a lot of bumbles built up and punched to the top almost going over the top of the beaker. All the calcium was all gone except some tiny parts for the normal temperature test it did the same put after the calcium started to dissolve. Discussion: In the test, there was some patterns that we saw for the results such as cold temp had a slow reaction at the end but it was a bit fast at start cause the water around the beaker was still getting colder the temperature stayed the same. A reaction for cold lasted for around 20-25 seconds. For the medium test, it started at a temp of 24 for both and only increased by one, a reaction started and ended in about 10-15 seconds. Hot was a lot different with a starting temperature of 45 and increased to 47 the reaction happened rapidly in about 5 seconds for it to start and end. The information I collected was accurate about what would happen and thats what happened in the test. It said hot temperature reaction is faster because it has a lot more energy in it but when cold and medium the temperature is much slower especially for the cold. Some parts of the research werent fully accurate but some of it was. My hypothesis was supported for this experiment I did predict that the hotter the faster reaction but cold has a much more slower reaction. Hot warms up everything giving it a lot more energy to do stuff so when it reaches a curtain heat a reaction will start. Cold has a slower reaction because it has a cold just like humans when we get a cold we have no energy at all and just cant do anything. The this could be used is finding out the right temperature to use to craft medals or just products in general or to test for whats the right temperature for plants and stuff to grow. Evaluation: The experiment went well at the start and all through except for a couple of miss calculation with our choice of measuring. There was a bit to much HCI added to test when we should have had less of it, when they elements combined it almost overflowed out of the beaker. But in the last test everything still ended up as the same results and finished with no drama. The team did well but sometimes one member kept touching and ruining what we just fixed up. A couple of things that could be improved is the team work and making sure we do our calculations right so the beaker doesnt almost overflow. Conclusion: The full experiment went mostly perfect but it was solved in the end. Evan that we have some bad teamwork and miss calculations we got it done. Our results were normal and weird the reaction went fantastic as well did the time. Our calculations were a bit off with a bit too much but all solved in the end. Things that could be improved next time is the team work. Its the key part for a perfect experiment. Some things that went fantastic would have to of been the time we go each one down and the perfect times and temperatures. If all the bad part were gone it would have been the perfect test. Reference list: Pearson science text book https://www.reference.com/science/calcium-carbonate-s-reaction-hydrochloric-acid-332b0b7065612e18 http://www.answers.com/Q/What_happens_if_Calcium_Carbonate_is_added_to_hydrochloric_acid?#slide=6 YouTube Class notes Had other websites but forgot what they were

Oil and world Economy Essay -- essays papers

Oil and world Economy Question: Examine the oil industry in relation to the world economy, utilising any economic theory / theories you think appropriate. One of the most important energy resources since human invested the machine is oil and its products. But as all resources scarce, oil is limited even more. Only few countries in the world have oil fields and produce oil for the rest. Therefore, in nowadays where factories, cars and oil-fired central heating increased significantly, oil has become a necessity for the society. People’s demands for oil and its products, fuel, gas and oil for central heating is unlimited, but supplier countries produce a fixed number of barrels of oil everyday so as to maintain a technical shortage and, of course, higher profits. These few countries are the oligopoly of the industry, have a market leader and there are barriers to the entry of new countries (Sloman 1997 : p.124). These countries are dominating the market of oil and created the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1960’s. OPEC is an intergovernmental organisation that offers stability and prosperity to the petroleum market. Membership is open to any country which is a great net exporter and which shares the same ideas of this organisation. OPEC has now 11 members and supplies more than the 40% of the worlds oil market. The price of oil over the last year has increased approximately over 100%, reaching the highest levels over the la...

French company Essay

In October, a French company (seller) and a Shanghai company (buyer) have set up a contract of selling 200 sets of electronic computers (1000 USD each), and the payment shall be made according to the irrecoverable letter of credit. And the delivery should be made on December at Port de Marseille. On November 15, Bank of China Shanghai Branch (issuing bank) made a $ 200,000 irrevocable letter of credit according to the instruction of the buyer and commissioned a French bank in Marseille to notify and negotiate this letter of credit. On December 20, the seller loaded the 200 computers on board and got the bill of lading, insurance policies, invoices and other documents as required by the letter of credit. And then it went to the Marseille bank for negotiation. Upon review, the documents are consistent; therefore the bank had paid $ 200,000 immediately to the seller. At the same time, 10 days the cargo ship left the harbor of Marseilles, the cargo, along with all the goods, sank into the sea in a heavy storm. By that time the issuing bank had received the whole set of the documents and the buyer had already known the total loss of the goods. Bank of China Shanghai Branch intends to reimburse the negotiating bank to pay the purchase price of $ 200,000 on the grounds that its customers can not expect the goods. In accordance with international trade practices, the following questions are asked: When would the risk of the consignment be transferred from the seller to the buyer ? Whether Issuing bank would exempted from the payment obligations due to the total loss of the goods, If so, on what basis? How to compensate the loss of the buyer? Case Study 1. The Risk shall be transferred from the seller to the buyer since the goods were loaded on board at the port of shipment. 2. The issuing bank has no right to refuse payment. According to the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, the letter of credit transactions are independent from the sales contract. And the Bank is only responsible for document examination. As long as the documents are in line with the terms of the credit, the banks are required to assume its payment obligations. 3. The buyer could claim compensation from the Seller’s insurance company with other relevant insurance documents and proof of the sinkage of the cargo ship. I. Time context: * In October, a French company (seller) and a Shanghai company (buyer) have set up a contract of selling 200 sets of electronic computers (1000 USD each. And the delivery should be made on December at Port de Marseille. * This transaction is only made for 2 months consisting of its selling contracts and delivery. * On November 15, Bank of China Shanghai Branch (issuing bank) made a $ 200,000 irrevocable letter of credit according to the instruction of the buyer and commissioned a French bank in Marseille to notify and negotiate this letter of credit. * November 15 is the start of Bank of China Shanghai Branch issuing the Letter of Credit to the French bank. * On December 20, the seller loaded the 200 computers on board and got the bill of lading, insurance policies, invoices and other documents as required by the letter of credit. And then it went to the Marseille bank for negotiation. * December 20, start of complying all the requirements and documents needed in Letter of Credit. * At the same time, 10 days the cargo ship left the harbor of Marseilles, the cargo, along with all the goods, sank into the sea in a heavy storm. * This is the last event happened and the cargo didn’t delivered as what the buyer expects. II. Viewpoint: We should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the French company, they are liable for negligence because from the very start they didn’t ensured the possible factors may arise when delivering. They must always contemplate selecting a good transportation carrier, the weather conditions, customs clearance, reliability and etc. The French company must fix all this difficulties so that they can still maintain a good and harmonious relationship once the Shanghai Company made a second transaction with them, and must comply with the party’s agreement. III. Related Facts: * Irrevocable Letter Of Credit – ILOC Correspondence issued by a bank guaranteeing payment for goods and services purchased by the one requesting the letter. An irrevocable letter of credit, or ILOC, cannot be canceled or modified in any way without explicit consent by the affected parties involved. For example, the issuing bank has no power to change the terms of an ILOC simply because the letter requester is having second thoughts. It should be noted, however, that ILOCs are in effect only for a specified time period and do, in fact, expire at a pre-determined point. * Bill of Lading A legal document between the shipper of a particular good and the carrier detailing the type, quantity and destination of the good being carried. The bill of lading also serves as a receipt of shipment when the good is delivered to the predetermined destination. This document must accompany the shipped goods, no matter the form of transportation, and must be signed by an authorized representative from the carrier, shipper and receiver. * Insurance Policies A contract (policy) in which an individual or entity receives financial protection or reimbursement against losses from an insurance company. The company pools clients’ risks to make payments more affordable for the insured. * Invoice It is a detailed bill left by vendors and outside suppliers for goods or services rendered to a company. Typically, it lists the quantity of each item, prices, billable hours, a service description, and a contact address for payment. While some expenses may be paid out of a general fund or petty cash account, an invoice is usually paid through an payable department by the posted due date. * Letter of credit A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer’s payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. * Issuing Bank A bank that writes a letter of credit, especially on behalf of an exporter. The issuing bank operates in the country of the importer, and facilitates trade between the importer and exporter by providing credit for the transaction. It is also called an opening bank. * Seller The seller or salesperson – the provider of the goods or services – completes a sale in response to an acquisition or to an appropriation or to a request. * Buyer A â€Å"buyer† or merchandiser is a person who purchases finished goods, typically for resale, for a firm, government, or organization. (A person who purchases material used to make goods is sometimes called a purchasing agent.) IV. Statement of the Problem: * When would the risk of the consignment be transferred from the seller to the buyer ? * Whether Issuing bank would exempted from the payment obligations due to the total loss of the goods, If so, on what basis? * How to compensate the loss of the buyer? V. General Objectives: 1. For the French company to cope with the problems arise during the delivery of the goods. 2. To identify French company’s acquired big loss and how they can replace the goods. VI. Specific objectives: 1. Both parties should know the consequences of their agreement once it is not delivered properly. 2. To identify and analyze well the mistake of French company. 3. The Shanghai bank must be capable of reimbursing the negotiating bank. VII. Alternative Causes of Action: Action no. 1: The buyer should’ve complied with the insurance company of the seller immediately after the event happened Give 3 advantages for action 1: 1. Risk Cover 2. Protection against rising goods expenses 3. Future helps Give 3 disadvantages: 1. Pay commission for the agent 2. You can only use insurance if you gain loss. 3. It costs money Action no. 2: The seller shall have alternative service delivery. Give 3 advantages for action 1: 1. To have a substitute method once the delivery didn’t work as it is. 2. To avoid wasting of time and reach the due time. 3. Greater security Give 3 disadvantages: 1. It will cost much for one party. 2. It will enable company to have more data to encode. 3. Lower profit. Action no. 3: Made used of LC instead of Irrevocable LC Give 3 advantages for action 1: 1. Can be canceled or modified in any way without explicit consent by the affected parties involved. 2. Guaranteed payment upon presentation of the documents specified in the terms of the letter of credit. 3. The buyer cannot refuse to pay due to a complaint about the goods. Give 3 disadvantages: 1. Subject to the financial strength and stability of the Issuing bank 2. More expensive than other methods of payment 3. Requires a high level of expertise to successfully navigate the process Findings: It is apparent from the case that the seller is the most problematic party of all because they hold the big loss on goods, at the same time they made the wrong choice of method for delivering goods which subjected to higher cost. Recommendation: The French company must improve their facilities so that when the calamity strikes again there is a high probability that they will carry through. And don’t forget to approach the shanghai company that the cargos will be arrived to them late. Continue to explore better ways of integrating technology into instruction on a daily basis, including providing training and support for the company. Conclusions: This paper has given an account of and the reasons for the agreement between French company and Shanghai Company to be deliberate. The seller must be liable for any damages happened within the incident while the buyer is secured by insurance company for what they lost, especially their money. No one was to blame for that scenario, each party just did what is supposed to do and it is only due by nature that’s why it is wrecked. Action plans: They must design and implement assessment and differentiated instructional strategies that enable the company to achieve competency and right decision-making. They must also focus on the second action: Made used of LC instead of Irrevocable LC because it is the most important, it carries the whole transaction and will make the agreement more clarified. S.M.A.R.T. (The company must possess this 5 skills) S = Specific: an objective should be precise and should focus on a single result. A specific objective answers the questions, â€Å"who, what, where, and how?† M = Measurable: an objective should include specific criteria or measures that indicate whether the objective has been met. A good measure answers the question, â€Å"How will we know if we have accomplished the objective?† A = Achievable: an objective should be attainable and within the center’s or program’s reach. R = Realistic: an objective should be realizable given the time, resources, and activities proposed and available. T = Time-bound: an objective should include the date it will be started and the date the center expects to complete it.

Blown to Bits Essay

Technology has rapidly advanced, affecting standards on privacy, telecommunications, and criminal law. Every day, we encounter unexpected consequences of data flows that could not have happened a few years ago. Due to the bits explosion, the world changed very suddenly. Almost everything is stored in a computer somewhere. Court records, grocery purchases, precious family photos, radio programs†¦ It is all being reduced to zeroes and ones – â€Å"bits.† The bits are stashed on disks of home computers and in the data centers of big corporations and government agencies. The disks can hold so many bits that there is no need to pick and choose what gets remembered. So much disk storage is being produced every year that it could be used to record a page of information, every minute or two, about you and every other human being on earth. Once something is on a computer, it can replicate and move around the world in a heartbeat. Making a million perfect copies takes but an instant – copy of things we want everyone in the world to see, and also copies of things that weren’t meant to be copied at all. Due to instantaneous transfers, some data leak. Credit card records are supposed to stay locked up in a data warehouse, but escape into the hands of identity thieves. And we sometimes give information away just because we get something back for doing so. A company will give you free phone calls to anywhere in the world—if you don’t mind watching ads for the products its computers hear you talking about. The book presents 7 ‘koans’ or principles regarding the bits and the effect of it on humanity. Koan 1: Even though your computer seems to present pictures, texts, songs, and videos, they are all composed of bits. Everything that’s digital are ruled by bits. Even as we speak, bits are flying through the airwaves by our phones. Koan 2: Every copy made by a computer is perfect. The era of books  being handwritten oftentimes resulting to mistakes, has now been closed by digital explosion. And even though these machines do fail as long as the bits have been communicated, the probability of error of the bits is so slim. Koan 3: Vast as world-wide data storage is today, five years from now it will be ten times as large. Yet the information explosion means, paradoxically, the loss of information that is not online. Outdated software and information not stored in the computer are usually assumed as inexistent. Koan 4: The speed of a computer is usually measured by the number of basic operations, such as additions, that can be performed in one second. The fastest computers available in the early 1940s could perform about five operations per second. The fastest today can perform about a trillion. Koan 5: Exponential growth is actually smooth and steady; it just takes very little time to pass from unnoticeable change to highly visible. In the rapidly changing world of bits, it pays to notice even small changes, and to do something about them. Koan 6: Data stored will all be kept forever, unless there are policies to get rid of it. The Internet consists of millions of interconnected computers; once data gets out, there is no getting it back. Victims of identity theft experience daily the distress of having to remove misinformation from the record. It seems never to go away. Koan 7: In the bits world, in which messages flow instantaneously, it sometimes seems that distance doesn’t matter at all. The instantaneous communication of massive amounts of information has created the misimpression that there is a place called â€Å"Cyberspace,† a land without frontiers where all the world’s people can be interconnected as though they were residents of the same small town. The book introduces two basic morals. The first is that information technology is inherently neither good nor bad—it can be used for good or ill, to free us or to shackle us. Second, new technology brings social change, and change comes with both risks and opportunities. Any technology can be used for good or ill. Nuclear reactions create electric power and weapons of mass destruction. The same encryption technology that makes it possible for you to email your friends with confidence that no eavesdropper will be able to decipher your message also makes it possible for terrorists to plan their attacks undiscovered. The key to managing the ethical and moral consequences of technology while nourishing economic growth is to regulate the use of technology without  banning or restricting its creation.

There is Beauty All Around essays

There is Beauty All Around essays Anne Frank was a girl of strength and spirit. Reading her diary has lifted the days in my life where it seemed I would never rise again. Anne Frank was born into a Jewish family in Frankfurt, Germany the year of 1929. This was around the time when Hitler had come into power. Scared for their lives Anne and her family fled to a secret Annex and hid there for two years. Anne frank was faced with many trials in her short life. She kept a diary of the horrors of the Holocaust and the every day dilemmas of a teenager. As I finished reading Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl my freshman year, I was dumfounded, I looked at my life in a different way. I compared myself to this girl about my age. I had felt sadness like Annes recently in my own life. In my family there has always been drama and she said this because he did this. The stories are never straight. The children of my mom and dad are the ones who have had to pay for it. We have been tossed from family member to family member throughout our lives. My freshman year I thought it would all stop. I was living in Montana, my roots were firmly planted. Out of the blue my dad shows up, he got the police involved and I was ordered to come to Idaho with him. That day my heart was in a million pieces. I thought everything was ugly, even me. I hated waking up in the morning. I felt used and brushed aside as a person who had no say in anything that went on in her life. I tried everyday of my life to fake a smile. As I would return home I would feel the blankness of the superficial soul. No longer could I continue this on. This happened until the Sweet story of the Girl who endured much broadened my mind. Anne Frank the girl who didnt know the outdoors like me, carried on with a bright heart. She lost many loved ones along her short lifes journey. She was stereotyped because of her beliefs and who she was born to. I c ...

Free Essays on Social Comformity

Nuremberg’s trials were a product of May 1940. This is the date the camp Auschwitz was set up. Thirty-seven miles west of Crawcow, innocent convicted criminals were installed at its prisoner hierarchy. Originally it was set up to be an instrument of exterminator and terror of the Poles. But as time passed, the Nazi’s began to depart people to the camp from all over Europe, Mainly Jews-citizens of various countries. When Polish soldiers attempted to repel the German invasion, the town of Oswiecim and surrounding areas were incorporated within the Third Reich. At this time its name was turned into Auschwitz. Two reasons this location was picked was because of it could be easily expanded and isolated from the outside world and because Oswiecim position as an important railway junction. This way they could get a lot of work done by train. April 1940, Rudolf Hoss was appointed Auschwitz first commandant, June 1940 the Gestapo dispatched the first political prisoners to Auschwitz-seven hundred and twenty eight Poles from Tarnow, Poland. Initially the camp comprised of twenty buildings. As the number of inmates increased, the area covered by the camp grew also, until it was practically transformed into a gigantic and horrific factory of death. Come 1941 the construction of a second camp, later called Auschwitz ii- Birkenau was built. Now Auschwitz I becoming the parent or â€Å"Stammlager† to a whole new generation of camps (). Above the main gate at Auschwitz-which prisoners passed each day on their way to work- there was a cynical inscription: â€Å"Arbeit macht frei† which means work brings freedom. The living conditions, although they varied to some extent during certain stages in time, were always unbearable. The first trainloads of prisoners slept on straw scattered on concrete floors; later the straw mattresses were introduced (). Two hundred prisoners were housed in a dormitory, which was barley adequate for forty to fifty perso... Free Essays on Social Comformity Free Essays on Social Comformity Nuremberg’s trials were a product of May 1940. This is the date the camp Auschwitz was set up. Thirty-seven miles west of Crawcow, innocent convicted criminals were installed at its prisoner hierarchy. Originally it was set up to be an instrument of exterminator and terror of the Poles. But as time passed, the Nazi’s began to depart people to the camp from all over Europe, Mainly Jews-citizens of various countries. When Polish soldiers attempted to repel the German invasion, the town of Oswiecim and surrounding areas were incorporated within the Third Reich. At this time its name was turned into Auschwitz. Two reasons this location was picked was because of it could be easily expanded and isolated from the outside world and because Oswiecim position as an important railway junction. This way they could get a lot of work done by train. April 1940, Rudolf Hoss was appointed Auschwitz first commandant, June 1940 the Gestapo dispatched the first political prisoners to Auschwitz-seven hundred and twenty eight Poles from Tarnow, Poland. Initially the camp comprised of twenty buildings. As the number of inmates increased, the area covered by the camp grew also, until it was practically transformed into a gigantic and horrific factory of death. Come 1941 the construction of a second camp, later called Auschwitz ii- Birkenau was built. Now Auschwitz I becoming the parent or â€Å"Stammlager† to a whole new generation of camps (). Above the main gate at Auschwitz-which prisoners passed each day on their way to work- there was a cynical inscription: â€Å"Arbeit macht frei† which means work brings freedom. The living conditions, although they varied to some extent during certain stages in time, were always unbearable. The first trainloads of prisoners slept on straw scattered on concrete floors; later the straw mattresses were introduced (). Two hundred prisoners were housed in a dormitory, which was barley adequate for forty to fifty perso...

How to Diagnose Toasted Skin Syndrome

How to Diagnose Toasted Skin Syndrome Toasted skin syndrome (erythema ab igne or EAI) has a few names associated with it, including hot water bottle rash, fire stains, laptop thigh, and grannys tartan. Luckily, although toasted skin syndrome is an ugly symptom, its not serious. Although it is not considered a burn, toasted skin syndrome is caused by prolonged or repeated skin exposure to heat or infrared radiation, whether mild or moderate. Specific causes may include hot water bottles or heating pads for pain relief, laptop computer exposure (such as on the battery or ventilation fan), and fireplaces. Other causes  have been due to car seat heaters, heated chairs and blankets, sauna belts, and everyday household appliances like space heaters or even the simple stove/oven. Diagnosis Diagnosing toasted skin syndrome is relatively easy. It can be diagnosed with two main points. First is the reticulated pattern of the discoloration, which should not be even. It is a mottled, sponge, or net-like pattern. Second, you should notice that it does not itch or hurt much, like moat rashes or skin injuries do. Mild itching and burning may occur temporarily but often fades.  If this diagnosis seems to meet what you are experiencing, then it is important to locate a heat source that the affected area of skin is often exposed to, and stop using it until your skin is healed. Who Is Most Likely to Have the Skin Symptom? Those treating themselves to some type of ailment, like a chronic backache, may be used to a repeated application of a heat source that may be causing this dermatologic issue. Toasted skin syndrome is also common amongst elderly individuals who may susceptible to  prolonged exposure to a heater, for example. There are also occupational hazards in various work environments depending on the profession. For example, silversmiths and jewelers have their faces exposed to the heat, while bakers and chefs have their arms bare. With laptop computers, the left thigh is most commonly affected. In fact, over 15 cases have been reported in 2012 where primarily 25-year-old women received the diagnosis. Thus, it is important to position the laptop in a safe place that doesnt touch the skin for too long, or at all, especially with powerful processors that reach high temperatures. Treatment There are several treatments available including medical options and physical modalities. Medically, the most important step is to eliminate the heat source immediately. For example, if you are using car heaters, turn off the heat entirely if you can; otherwise, lower the temperature as much as possible. Treating pain with over-the-counter pain relievers is important. Consider ibuprofen like Advil or Motrin, acetaminophen like Tylenol, or naproxen like Aleve. A topical therapy that includes  5-fluorouracil, tretinoin, and hydroquinone, is likely to work. Pure Aloe, Vitamin E, or walnut oil may also help with healing and pigmentation. Alternatively, there are also physical skin therapies available including laser therapy and photodynamic therapy. Medical help is especially important when there are signs of infection, increase pain, redness, swelling, fever, or oozing.  In this case,  antibiotics  and pain medication will likely be prescribed by a doctor. Individuals having the aforementioned issues with their diagnosis are encouraged to see their doctor or dermatologist. Otherwise, the skin should return to a normal condition in a few weeks.

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Final project - Essay Example Aggregated demand curve represents the overall quantity of goods that are demanded at different price level. Second model that has been employed is IS-LM Model, and the third model is Keynesian model The concept of aggregate demand is that increase in total demand of products cause to increase the output that lead to the increased demand of labor. If the aggregate demand is lower it will cause to decrease the output and lead to decreased demand of labor (Anderton, 590). As in the case of United Kingdom economy is facing decrease in aggregate demand due to the financial crisis because this crisis made a significant impact over the purchasing power of people. People who have money are saving rather spending their money. This decrease in demand is leading country towards decrease output, therefore, towards unemployment; because firms working in the economy do not require workers to produce output. It has been observed that uncertainty shocks cause to slow down the demands. Therefore, economies have to face higher inflation rates. Such as in United Kingdom, the financial crisis showed huge uncertainty in the financial market that slow down the demand of goods market and result occur red in lower economic growth and increased unemployment rate. For example, the 2008 financial shock reduced the purchasing power of households. By using the right of postponing the purchases, households forced the firms to reduce the manufacturing and in result made delays in new hiring and increased firings of employees that contributed in high unemployment rate. The uncertainty increased the unemployment from the year of 2009 to 2013 in United Kingdom and now the effects are slowing down (Leduc & Liu, 1-30). Increase in the lowering demand of labor is high this time as compared to prior shocks of 1981. This is because this time â€Å" the zero lower bound† restrained the monetary policy on the nominal interest rate. As it has been observed that uncertainty shocks reduced the

Conference Organised by Beyond Zero Campaign Assignment

Conference Organised by Beyond Zero Campaign - Assignment Example Daniel Steel was one of the speakers. He is an expert in laboratory tests especially blood test.   Therefore, he was an important speaker bearing in mind that Beyond Zero Campaign fight blood loss during childbirth. As a media personality from Sky news, He gave me chance for an interview after he was through with the speech. Steel is in his early forties and he is the C.E.O of blood test Clinix Company that is in Texas. The company involves itself in the business of blood testing. Medicine is not complete without blood analysis. When a doctor wants to check the status of your health such as to know the level of cholesterol or sugar in your body, blood testing must take place. The process usually requires needle and blood test tubes. The blood drawn from your veins into the test tubes go through testing in the laboratory by lab technicians. The biggest companies for blood testing in America are Quest and Laboratory Corporation of America. The two companies generate huge revenue and hence blood analysis is a lucrative business and steel was here not only to speak at a conference but also to drive his agenda of opening blood testing centres in Africa. â€Å"It is not expensive to test blood. It can be done fast and easily when the right tools are used†. Steel told his audience. While in the conferenc e, he had worn his working uniform to sound more convincing. He spoke systematically that everyone understood him. He started blood test Clinix Company with other medics 10 years ago at his young age of 23. Since then, the company has done well in the business and has developed many blood test methods. With only a drop or two, you discover many health conditions, whether cancer or any other. The blood centre is doing all it can to avail their blood test services to many hospitals. The idea of doing this is the help those who are far from the blood testing centre. Blood samples from the patient go from the hospital to the clinix lab. Discussions are underway for clinix to collaborate with as many hospitals as possible.  

Increase of wages and market performance in Chinese factories Essay

Increase of wages and market performance in Chinese factories - Essay Example The level of wages is usually considered as a criterion for evaluating the potential of a market to face local and global pressures. Indeed, in economies where economic instability is continuous, the decrease in wages is often used for controlling inflation. It is derived that increased wages denote the strength of an economy and its future prospects. Lipsey and Chrystal (2007) note that the increase of wages is feasible only in markets that are characterized by long relationships, meaning those markets where employees tend ‘to work for the same firm for many years’ (Lipsey and Chrystal 2007, p.576). In other words, the increase of wages reveals the market stability as it is reflected in the establishment of long-term employment contracts. The increase of wages has been often criticized as negatively affecting the performance of firms or industries involved. However, in practice, no such issue seems to exist. According to Trivedi (2002) the claim that the increase of wag es can lead to a series of problems for industrial relations and industrial performance should be rejected (p.640). It is explained that it is not the increase of wages that results to such phenomena but the decrease in performance (Trivedi 2002, p.640). It is also noted that the increase of wages can boost organizational performance since it can lead to the increase of employee satisfaction, i.e. to the increase also of employee performance which has a critical impact on organizational performance (Trivedi 2002, p.640).... In other words, the increase of wages reveals the market stability as it is reflected in the establishment of long-term employment contracts. The increase of wages has been often criticized as negatively affecting the performance of firms or industries involved. However, in practice no such issue seems to exist. According to Trivedi (2002) the claim that the increase of wages can lead to a series of problems for industrial relations and industrial performance should be rejected (p.640). It is explained that it is not the increase of wages that results to such phenomena but the decrease in performance (Trivedi 2002, p.640). It is also noted that the increase of wages can boost organizational performance since it can lead to the increase of employee satisfaction, i.e. to the increase also of employee performance which has a critical impact on organizational performance (Trivedi 2002, p.640). According to Taylor and Weerapana (2011) the decisions of countries in regard to the prices of the products imported can highly affect the potentials of the firms operating in the industry involved to keep the prices of their products at standard levels (Taylor and Weerapana 2011, p.58). Reference is made to the case of USA that ‘decided in 2002 to introduce trade restrictions related to the steel’ (Taylor and Weerapana 2011, p.58). This decision led to the increase of the price of steel as a material used in production. As a result, manufacturing firms producing goods based on steel had to increase the prices of their products, not being able ‘to produce the same number of products at the same price’ (Taylor and Weerapana 2011, p.58). The prices of goods based on steel had to be increased since the cost of the

Rights and freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rights and freedom - Essay Example This paper will feature analysis of the clauses of the First Amendment of the United States Constitutions, examine the significance of the Bill of Rights and discuss the process of amendment of the Constitution. There are several freedoms which are guaranteed by the Constitutions which are extremely relevant to me personally. First of all, it is the freedom of speech. I strongly agree with the scholars who point out that the existence of a clause that allows people to express themselves freely might be regarded as a reflection of a healthy as well as fully developed political environment (Anastaplo, 2007, 150). I do acknowledge that there are some reasonable limits when it comes to freedoms of speech; nevertheless, I am thankful that no citizen is able to prevent me from speaking my mind out within the permitted framework. If even I write this paper, I know that I can put all my thoughts as they exist in my mind and insist on the validity of my claims even though they might contradict with the point of view of my classmates or my professor. The next freedom which directly applies to me is freedom of peaceful assembly. Thus, I have adopted a proactive civil position and consider it important to express my mind about the social issues which, in my opinion, should be resolved so that the society where I live might prosper. I think that a fair share of the assemblies which I attended could not have happened if it had not been for this particular clause of the First Amendment. When it comes to analyzing the significance of the first ten amendments which are usually referred to as the United States Bill of Rights, one can not exaggerate its significance. Indeed, the above mentioned amendments establish legal framework which guides behavior of the individuals in virtually every field of social life and does it in the most positive as well as effective manner. For example, other than the already

Chinese Cinema Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chinese Cinema - Case Study Example Yimou began his career by making films thate looked at the past, present, and the future through a futuristic eye. He emphasized a lot on the resilience, even the stubbornness, of Chinese people in the face of hardships and adversities. The films dared to deconstruct China and reform the culture. His earlier films appear to be influenced a lot by his background and the life struggle. However, it is quite surprising to observe that Yimou has changed his track completely to make some morality fables and period martial art movies. The message from these movies also was quite confusing, considering his previous reputation as a dissident filmmaker (Salazar). Zhang Yimou was born in 1952 in the Xi'an province of China. He grew up in socialist China where class struggle dominated life and literature. His father and brother were associated with the Kuomintang (Nationalist party). So, as a child, Yimou suffered stigmatization and ridicules. The Cultural Revolution of 1966 forced him to quit studying and start working as a farm hand and laborer. Meanwhile, Yimou developed interest in painting and amateur still photography. He used his portfolio of photographs to gain admission to the cinematography department of the Beijing Film Academy in 1978. In the film academy, Yimou was exposed to art films by various European, Japanese, Chinese, and American directors, including Fei Mu, Kurosawa, Tarkovsky, Antonioni, Scorsese, and Truffaut. He graduated from the film academy in 1982 along with stalwarts such as, Chen Kaige and Tian Zhuangzhuang. The influence of these art films and such compatriots can be seen in all of Yimou's early films. Yimou started his cinematic career as a director of photography (One and Eight, 1984). In this very first venture, his unique talent was highly visible. He shot his pictures from obscure angles and captured the color stock as though it were black and white. He positioned the actors at the side, rather than at the center to improve the dramatic effect. He also used unique visual styles, based on the asymmetrical and unbalanced composition of the shots. Earlier Films - Theme and the Cinematic Vision In 1987, Zhang Yimou embarked on his directorial debut, Red Sorghum. The movie brought Yimou a lot of critical acclaim and catapulted him into the forefront of the world's art directors. The film had a lot of lush images, though the plot was simple and short. It told the story of Jiu'er, a poor girl who is sent by her parents into a pre-arranged marriage with a much older man. Thereafter, the tale revolves around the life and struggle of Jiu'er and finally her tragic end. The movie is very different from the faster and cheaper forms of Hollywood color films, primarily because of its strong melodrama and the overwhelming visual quality. The cinematography splashes its passionate colors all over the screen with abandon. The visual impact of the film is voluptuous. Yimou has used the red color as a symbol to represent passion. For Jiu'er, the red of masculinity dominates the wedding sedan, the wild sorghum, the sorghum wine, and the fire that consumes her at the end. Red Sorghum breaks cultural taboos against representing female orgasm, ecstasy, and reproductive continuity onscreen. Bold close-ups of the heroine's face, such as in the wild-sorghum abduction scene were new in mainland Chinese cinema. However, Yimou showcases female desire as

Depression is just a woman's thing. Discuss Essay

Depression is just a woman's thing. Discuss - Essay Example Animals do not have mind and therefore cannot suffer from mental sickness. They are only liable to biological sickness, and this can be properly taken care of by the veterinary doctors. Because of the presence of the mind, man can suffer from depression. In this study, we are going to look into the meaning of depression with an attempt to probe the causes, as well as the symptoms. We are also going to look at certain factors that determine depression as well as how it occurs in the two genders; male and female. What is depression? Depression is a period when one feels sad and anxious with symptoms such as extreme sadness and lack of sleep. It is normal for a person to feel sad or disappointed in life. This is not something that should give one a major concern, but something is really wrong when such feelings exceed more than two weeks. (What is depression? 2005). It becomes a sign that someone is suffering from depression. Hence, temporary feeling of sadness cannot be called depressi on because it does not have a medical concern, but major depression is something that needs a medical attention. This is because of its drastic effect on the whole person both psychologically and physically. In Britain, 1 out of 4 people experiences depression in any given year. This is the statistics that is commonly quoted in the United Kingdom. It has the most research evidence which is largely supported by a study published in 1980, and updated in 1992. The statistics received a further support from the result of all the three Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys. Below is a breakdown of the treatment which those who experience mental health in the United Kingdom will seek and get 300 people out of every 1,000 will experience depression in Britain 230 of these number will visit GP 102 of these are likely to be diagnosed as having mental problems 24 of these people will get a referral to a specialist psychiatric hospital 6 will become patients that are fully admitted to in psychia tric hospitals (mental health facts and statistics, 2003). Symptoms of depression According to the research carried out by the National Institute of Mental Health, people suffering from depression have various symptoms according to the severity of their depression. Some symptoms are more severe than others. How long the depression lasts will equally affect the symptoms of the depressive disorder. How long depression will last in a person equally depends on how the person is ready to cope with treatments. Nonetheless, below are the common symptoms that characterize depression. Having difficulty in concentration, memory, and making decisions Feeling of fatigue and constant decrease in energy Feeling guilty, worthlessness, hopelessness, pessimism and helplessness Insomnia or difficulty to sleep, hypomania or an excessive sleeping, waking up early in the morning Feeling of irritability and restlessness Losing interest in activities or hobbies which one hitherto has interest. This might include sex Over-indulgence in eating or loss of appetite Total loss of pleasure Having a persistent aches or pains, having headaches, digestive problems or stomach aches especially the ones that do not ease even when treated Feeling of emptiness Persistent sadness Having a suicide attempt or constant thought of suicide These symptoms are not limited to depression since they could be symptoms of other disorders other than depression, but it must be admitted that generally, they

Chinese Cinema Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chinese Cinema - Case Study Example Yimou began his career by making films thate looked at the past, present, and the future through a futuristic eye. He emphasized a lot on the resilience, even the stubbornness, of Chinese people in the face of hardships and adversities. The films dared to deconstruct China and reform the culture. His earlier films appear to be influenced a lot by his background and the life struggle. However, it is quite surprising to observe that Yimou has changed his track completely to make some morality fables and period martial art movies. The message from these movies also was quite confusing, considering his previous reputation as a dissident filmmaker (Salazar). Zhang Yimou was born in 1952 in the Xi'an province of China. He grew up in socialist China where class struggle dominated life and literature. His father and brother were associated with the Kuomintang (Nationalist party). So, as a child, Yimou suffered stigmatization and ridicules. The Cultural Revolution of 1966 forced him to quit studying and start working as a farm hand and laborer. Meanwhile, Yimou developed interest in painting and amateur still photography. He used his portfolio of photographs to gain admission to the cinematography department of the Beijing Film Academy in 1978. In the film academy, Yimou was exposed to art films by various European, Japanese, Chinese, and American directors, including Fei Mu, Kurosawa, Tarkovsky, Antonioni, Scorsese, and Truffaut. He graduated from the film academy in 1982 along with stalwarts such as, Chen Kaige and Tian Zhuangzhuang. The influence of these art films and such compatriots can be seen in all of Yimou's early films. Yimou started his cinematic career as a director of photography (One and Eight, 1984). In this very first venture, his unique talent was highly visible. He shot his pictures from obscure angles and captured the color stock as though it were black and white. He positioned the actors at the side, rather than at the center to improve the dramatic effect. He also used unique visual styles, based on the asymmetrical and unbalanced composition of the shots. Earlier Films - Theme and the Cinematic Vision In 1987, Zhang Yimou embarked on his directorial debut, Red Sorghum. The movie brought Yimou a lot of critical acclaim and catapulted him into the forefront of the world's art directors. The film had a lot of lush images, though the plot was simple and short. It told the story of Jiu'er, a poor girl who is sent by her parents into a pre-arranged marriage with a much older man. Thereafter, the tale revolves around the life and struggle of Jiu'er and finally her tragic end. The movie is very different from the faster and cheaper forms of Hollywood color films, primarily because of its strong melodrama and the overwhelming visual quality. The cinematography splashes its passionate colors all over the screen with abandon. The visual impact of the film is voluptuous. Yimou has used the red color as a symbol to represent passion. For Jiu'er, the red of masculinity dominates the wedding sedan, the wild sorghum, the sorghum wine, and the fire that consumes her at the end. Red Sorghum breaks cultural taboos against representing female orgasm, ecstasy, and reproductive continuity onscreen. Bold close-ups of the heroine's face, such as in the wild-sorghum abduction scene were new in mainland Chinese cinema. However, Yimou showcases female desire as

People Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People Management - Assignment Example The goals that she is being provided does not match that of the organization and hence leading to more frustrations. All her tasks have become second nature and it is no longer challenging to her which is impacting negatively on her career. Peter can improve this situation by developing new performance goals together with Anne. This will provide Anne with an opportunity to make her own contributions with regards to her roles while considering the organizational goals. On the other hand, Peter should provide Anne with the training opportunity that she requires. This will play an essential role in ensuring that she is motivated. Peter should also consult Anne from time to time so as to make her feel that she is part of the company. All her ideas should be taken seriously and she should be used by peter for the growth of the organization. More challenging tasks should be provided to Anne by Peter for the purposes of ensuring that she is motivated. Making the employees feel that they are part of the company is important in ensuring that they are motivated. HR department should provide Peter with training on how to relate with the employees. The training will play an essential role in ensuring that he is able to develop a healthy working relationship with Anne. The HR department can also provide Peter with training on employee motivation. This is for the purposes of ensuring that he is able to understand the importance of motivating the employees (Mandip, 2012). The HR can also be involved in providing advice to Peter regarding the performance management and review process. Adequate resources should also be allocated to Peter by the HR in order to support him in the process of acquisition of knowledge and skills. The HR can therefore play an important role in ensuring that Peter is able to improve on the situation facing him. Peter should stop using the old and inconsistent performance

Climate Change And Effects On Hospitality Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change And Effects On Hospitality Industry Environmental Sciences Essay This report overall discuss about the global climate change or global warming and its serious impacts on the whole world. In detail it discusses about how global warming is caused, what is the main epidemic for the climate change, its direct effects on the hospitality industry. Further it tells about the latest IPCC report which tells how deep is everyone in water and discusses about the future projected changes. Later this report discuss about the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme proposed by Australian Government where it briefly tells about what is CPRS and its impacts specially on Australian tourism industry. This report also analysed one of the worlds leading 5 star properties in terms of how eco friendly is that property. In the end of the report it discuss about the recent conference held in Copenhagen regarding the global climate change and the new laws and issues that were raised by keeping tourism in focus. Climate change had begun a long time ago, but it knocked the unconsciousness of human mind a bit late when theses changes were at their peak. In other words people actually started to pay serious attention to these changes when they heard from the mouth of scientists, when they saw on T.V. that the meetings were been held all around the world and saw the consequences with their own naked eyes and believed that this is not a joke but is a matter of serious consideration. The change in climate started to occur more than 2 decades ago. Now the question that arises over here is who is responsible for all this and how to cope up with the situation like this? Further this report will discuss about the factors due to which the planet earth is facing devastating changes in its environment, its impact on the innocent people and also on the Australian hospitality industry. Global Warming and its impacts on the whole world This report basically discusses about the changes that are taking place in the earths environment. The term environment refers to features that lie outside the system under consideration and separated from the system by a boundary. The boundary acts as a control on the flows that take place from the system into the environment. This flow could be of anything, it could be the flow of money, pollution or information. But our major concern in this report is the flow of earths ecological system. Now the boundary of our ecological system has become totally semi permeable which was permeable before. Semi Permeable boundary simply means that the boundary is getting thick day by day that it is preventing all the green house gasses such as methane, nitrogen etc. and other invisible radiation to escape, which in turn increasing the temperature of earth constantly resulting in Global Warming. The term global warming is defined as a system of multipliers devised to enable warming effects of di fferent gases to be compared. Global warming is not just about warming of the planet, its also about the imbalance which gets created in the environment. For example over the past few years some irrelevant changes have been seen in few countries such as the place which is supposed to get good amount of rain faced severe drought and on the other hand the places which were meant to be dried got heavily flooded. From the latest research it has been found that the amount of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere has crossed 300ppm which had never happened in 650,000 years. The limit has gone above more than 382ppm where 450ppm being the dangerous sign. The reason is fairly simple i.e. increased pollution in the earths ecological system which in turn has increased the green house effect as well and the increased human activities. Green house gases consists gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs. One thing to be noticed over here is that the major contributor of gree n house gases is carbon and as discussed above the annual carbon emission has grew above 80%. Because of the green house effect the icebergs down in arctic are melting and rising the sea level all around the world, due to which the oceans are getting hotter and hotter by absorbing the huge amount of carbon radiation resulting into hurricanes, typhoons and tornados. The increase in the emission of GHGs is because of increasing human activities day by day. These activities involve the burning of fossil fuels such as crude oil, coal etc. that are limited in quantity and non renewable sources of energy. This means the more the, people more the burning of fossil fuels and more the pollution will be created. Human influences have very likely contributed to rise in sea level, likely contributed changes in the wind patterns leading to storms, typhoons, hurricanes etc. Not only human beings contribute to global warming, animals also contribute such as cows, sheeps etc. They release methane g as which when comes out becomes more poisonous because of the way their digestive system is created. According to recent IPCC report (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) the annual Arctic sea ice extent has shrunk from 2.7% to 8% per decade since 1978, which is an increase of 5.3% resulting in declination of snow and glaciers in both hemispheres. There is a medium confidence that the continuous change in climate is also affecting the agriculture at northern hemisphere such as early spring planting of crops and alternations in disturbance regimes of forests because of inability to adapt changes. As the earth is getting hotter and hotter the amount of water present on the earth is decreasing because of evaporation. Mount Everest which is the source of water for many countries such as India, Nepal, China etc. is losing the ice continuously which is not a good sign. Everything has some negative effects and some positive effects which can be proven by the simple example of melting of ice, good effect is that some countries get water to drink whereas the bad effect is that it also leads to rise in sea level. This is not only affecting human beings its also affecting the natural habitat. Due to global warming the bird babies and other babies are getting born immature and weak and also prior to their actual birth timings. This pollution has also decreased the protective layer which protects from mosquitoes and lots of other deadly infections, the major protective layer is the ozone layer. The depletion in the ozone layer has increased the chances of skin cancer. The movie Six Degrees tells that how does earth changes its form even if the overall temperature of earth just increases by 1 degree centigrade. The increase of 1 degree can result into bushfires that is one of the common things for Australia. Six degrees is the last stage and beyond that earth will no longer exist Future climate changes and its impacts As per the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) in the next 20 years there will be 70% increase in global GHGs with no fossil fuels left. Furthermore there is projected warming of 0.5 degrees centigrade for next two decades even if all the GHGs are kept under control, a further warming of 0.2 degrees centigrade is expected. In the regional areas snow contraction and increase in thaw depth is likely to occur. Increase in frequency of hot extremes, tropical cyclones and increase in precipitation in high latitudes are some of the expected changes. Some of the systems and sectors that are very likely to be affected by the climate change would be terrestrial areas such as tundra, mediterranean type of ecosystems because of reduction in rainfall, coastal and marine areas due to multiple stresses, population living in low latitudes. The most vulnerable part of the world which will be affected would be Asia and Africa because of large population and high exposure to sea level ri se. Effects on Hospitality Industry The hospitality industry is an international industry emerging worldwide. This industry is extremely important for the economy. Climate change can now be seen as a fundamental issue with major influences on tourism. Hospitality industry does not cause any kind of environmental pollution nor does it consume large amounts of non renewable sources and therefore this industry is not in the front line of environmental concern. This industry is made up of vast majority of small operations which intakes minute amounts of energy, water, food, paper etc. but it does add small amount of pollution to the environment in terms of noise, smoke, chemical pollutants. The hotel industry damages the environment by releasing some carbon emissions and CFCs that comes out of the air conditioners and refrigerators, by wasting energy, food, water. These are some of the ways by which the hospitality industry ruins the environment a bit. Now because of this pollution the hospitality industry has also been a ffected. The hotels that rely on the nature itself for example snow, mountains, lakes or oceans etc. will no longer exist because as the temperature is increasing there will be no ice, sea etc. Climate change has a large potential to totally destroy the hospitality and tourism industry. Climate change will heavily have its impact on this industry by changing the destination patterns and by changing the decisions of the industry. Since tourism industry totally depends on natural environment certain types of tourism will get affected such as winter sports, lake and sea, mountain, fishing etc. The coral reef that are present under water have started to dry out, the sea animals have started to die and this will eventually result into less number of tourist which means less profit and less profit is equal to deep loss for the hotel. The reason is people actually want to see natural beauty, they dont to see just the empty ocean. If the local environment near the hotel will not be clean no one will go to that hotel. If a hotel is situated at a location where due to climate change that place is getting heavy rains that place could end up in flood, because of which the tourist would feel unsafe to go there even if the hotel is offering good incentives. Overall it has been seen that the industry is very much vulnerable to bad news or events, this is the only industry which contributes the maximum amount to the countrys GDP. Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Australia is a hot and dry country and has started to face the impacts at a very high speed. In last 12 years the country has experienced 11 hottest years and it is expected that by the end of this century the temperature will rise by 5 degrees, as a result the national treasures including Great Barrier Reef, Kakadu etc. that support the industry will be in danger. Carbon pollution reduction scheme will led industries to pay for the pollution they create from the carbon in other words putting tax on the usage of carbon and this will set a limit on Australias contribution to carbon pollution. This scheme is a cap and trade emissions model created to decline Australias emissions of green house gases. This scheme covers emissions from transport, industrial wastes, overall this scheme will cover 75% of Australias green house gases. This schemes main objective is to reduce green house emissions by between 5 and 15% below 2000 levels by the year 2020 and 60% from 2000 levels by the year 20 50 If all the industries in the country follow this scheme there will be a reduction of 15% for sure. This scheme is the lowest cost way to protect the interests of business and households, it will also motivate the major polluting industries to move towards the cleaner future. The CPRS affects the tourism industry in very much economical way. Tourism industry accounts a total of 3.7% of total GDP and it contributes around 10.5% of total exports of goods and services because of international relations. With the CPRS the real GDP will fall because the emissions price under this scheme act as a tax which as a result will reduce the economic efficiency and the tourism industry will slightly experience a contraction with the general shrinkage of the economy as whole. Moreover this scheme will push up the costs for tourism industry which could make Australia more expensive destination. As the Australian tourism industry is vulnerable to climate change it will influence all the natural assets on which the industry depends and the rise in price of travel and tourism caused by CPRS will further decline the tourist demand. Within this industry aviation is the one which will face a larger consequence from the CPRS as aviation is the core part of Australian tourism industry. The CPRS is going to increase the emission because of the increasing fuel prices. Furthermore the CPRS is expected to affect particularly leisure and regional routes which in turn limits the airlines to pass through cost of carbon. The CPRS will increase the potential for the substitution by increasing the price of domestic aviation. Therefore giving a negative impact on domestic tourism and providing incentives for outbound travel making Australia an importer of tourism and eventually resulting in high risk of carbon leakage. The CPRS will reduce real disposable incomes which will then reduce the do mestic tourism within Australia. Environmental analysis Sheraton Mirage in Port Douglas is one of the finest 5 star properties. This property is a resort type of property with natural beauty all around. This property is very serious in regards to environment. According to the primary research this hotel recycles the oil instead of draining it away, which could result into sea pollution. They simply recycle it every time and use it for future purposes. They use CFC free chemicals used to clean toilets, glasses and all. They also use solar energy throughout the hotel which helps them to save a lot of electricity. Since it is a golf resort they actually use electric golf carts instead of using the one which runs with petrol or diesel. From the secondary research it has been found that the water which gets waste, they recycle it and use it for watering the areas such as golf course. They offer guests to use bath towels in order to reduce the detergent amount. Electricity is also reduced by using the CFL bulbs and lights and guests are asked to turn off their lights when not in use. This hotel practise waste minimisation and separate glass, paper and plastic for recycling. Sheraton Mirage has a large swimming pool where it uses the sea water that directly comes there. Copenhagen Conference Recently there had been a conference in Copenhagen in Denmark regarding the global climate change in which all the countries around the world took part. In the conference a lot of suggestion were been given such as if petroleum based economy is converted into sun based economy. This will enable human kind by combining intellect and technology to enable advance human activities. A lot of issues were raised in relation to transport as it emits 870 million tonnes of carbon each year. The UNFCC decided to take necessary actions in two ways, one is by including emissions in national totals and taking it as a purely accounting measure and the other is by setting the target for the two sectors and mandating IMO and ICAO to agree on global sector policies within a limited timeframe. The shipping industry could rise their annual allowances by $ 25 billion. Conclusion The conclusion of this report that comes out is that the whole world is in danger as the global warming is at its peak point. But this is not the end of the world, it can still be controlled if everyone starts to think over it. This is not a joke, its the time to get serious. If the people will take serious action over it such as by adapting new policies which will then help them to cope up with the climate changes. The only recommendation that could be made at this point is that people should start measuring the amount of carbon they use and by recycling the stuff rather than to throw away and by saving the resources as much as they could.

Five Imporant Events Of The 19 :: essays research papers

Five Important Events of the 1960s Assassinations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 1960s the world was hit with four different assassinations of some of the leaders in the world who were out to change the way things were. Although some disagreed to the changes that they were trying to do and even threatened them, they still continued to pursue their idea of change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ngo Dinh Diem became the first president of South Vietnam in 1956 he was a catholic who opposed Communism and sought for an independent Vietnam while it was under French power. Although he was viewed as brutal, corrupt, and prejudice against non-Catholics and Buddhists, he did however help make Vietnam an independent country from France and help prevent Communist rule over all of Vietnam. In 1933 Ngo Dinh Diem was appointed Minister of the Interior by Emperor Bao Dai, at the same time during the 1930’s Ngo Dinh Diem began to disapprove of the French rule over Vietnam. He decided to leave the government and follow the many Vietnamese nationalists who were also against French rule. In 1950 he left Vietnam and headed for the U.S. after Vietnam had fallen under rule of Viet Minh in August of 1945, seeing Communism as a threat to his values as a Catholic and to an independent Vietnam. President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s administration fearing Communist take overs in Southeast Asia saw Ngo Dinh Diem as a Vietnamese nationalist capable of overturning Communist Viet Minh. In 1954 Viet Minh defeated the French and he won control of Northern Vietnam, thus splitting the country in half. Southern Vietnam remained under the control of Emperor Bao Dai, who was supported by the U.S. greatly. The U.S. appointed Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister under Bao Dai. In 1956 elections were held in South Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem was elected the first president of the newly established Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The U.S. military was sent into South Vietnam to form and train an army for the republic, thus becoming the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). While Ngo Dinh Diem was president he forcibly moved peasants and rural villagers from their homes and put them into controlled settlements in order to suppress Communist activities. He also drafted all males from the villages into the ARVN. As a result of his acts a group called the National Li beration Front (NLF) was formed in order to overthrow his power as president.

Essay example --

Report on copper ‘Copper is a commodity that measures the pulse of the global economy’ (Tutor2u, 2012). The features of this metal is the reason why it is demanded so highly around the world, which is the reason why â€Å"copper is the third most widely used metal in the world† (investopedia, 2013). What makes Copper so different from other metals? Firstly, pure copper is ductile which means it can easily be stretched and shaped into different forms. Secondly, the scientific elements of copper make it highly conductive in heat and electricity than any other metal, except silver which is 100 times more expensive. Thirdly, it is 100% recyclable. Did you know 80% of copper ever mined is still in use today? Fourthly, it is highly alloyable. Lastly, it is one of three metals that has its own unique colour other than silver or grey. In the current market copper is used in a variety of ways due to its specification. 5% of copper production is used in combining with other metals to form a lloys such as brass and bronze. 15% is used in industrial machinery, because coppers superior conductivity improves the electrical energy efficiency of motor-driven systems. 20% is used in roofing and plumbing because the lifespan of copper is estimated to be 100 years before major defects in the material start to occur. Lastly, the remaining 60% of copper is used in electrical wires and the reason why such a huge proportion is used in electrical wires is because there are no close substitutes for copper. Aluminium wiring is comparably priced, but is unsafe and can start fires and silver is a slightly better conductor of electricity; however it is too expensive (visual capitalist, 2013). In this report I will cover the supply and demand of copper and how it a... ...e amounts of copper (oracle mining, 2013). Copper is an example of a good that has low price elasticity of demand, which means that a change in price would lead smaller change in demand. The reason for this is because there is a lack of close substitutes in the market. For some products that use copper components can be substituted for aluminium or plastic; however, the costs and delays involved in switching between substitute goods aren’t worth it sometimes (copper investing news). Copper is used in a variety of different ways in some uses it would be a necessity an in others it would be a luxury. For example in some plumbing cases you would be able to use flexible plastic pipes, which is cheaper to use, however if you choose not to then copper would be deemed an luxury product. On the other hand, in some plumbing cases you have no choice but to use copper pipes. Essay example -- Report on copper ‘Copper is a commodity that measures the pulse of the global economy’ (Tutor2u, 2012). The features of this metal is the reason why it is demanded so highly around the world, which is the reason why â€Å"copper is the third most widely used metal in the world† (investopedia, 2013). What makes Copper so different from other metals? Firstly, pure copper is ductile which means it can easily be stretched and shaped into different forms. Secondly, the scientific elements of copper make it highly conductive in heat and electricity than any other metal, except silver which is 100 times more expensive. Thirdly, it is 100% recyclable. Did you know 80% of copper ever mined is still in use today? Fourthly, it is highly alloyable. Lastly, it is one of three metals that has its own unique colour other than silver or grey. In the current market copper is used in a variety of ways due to its specification. 5% of copper production is used in combining with other metals to form a lloys such as brass and bronze. 15% is used in industrial machinery, because coppers superior conductivity improves the electrical energy efficiency of motor-driven systems. 20% is used in roofing and plumbing because the lifespan of copper is estimated to be 100 years before major defects in the material start to occur. Lastly, the remaining 60% of copper is used in electrical wires and the reason why such a huge proportion is used in electrical wires is because there are no close substitutes for copper. Aluminium wiring is comparably priced, but is unsafe and can start fires and silver is a slightly better conductor of electricity; however it is too expensive (visual capitalist, 2013). In this report I will cover the supply and demand of copper and how it a... ...e amounts of copper (oracle mining, 2013). Copper is an example of a good that has low price elasticity of demand, which means that a change in price would lead smaller change in demand. The reason for this is because there is a lack of close substitutes in the market. For some products that use copper components can be substituted for aluminium or plastic; however, the costs and delays involved in switching between substitute goods aren’t worth it sometimes (copper investing news). Copper is used in a variety of different ways in some uses it would be a necessity an in others it would be a luxury. For example in some plumbing cases you would be able to use flexible plastic pipes, which is cheaper to use, however if you choose not to then copper would be deemed an luxury product. On the other hand, in some plumbing cases you have no choice but to use copper pipes.

Paris Peace Conference

The 1900’s were a very eventful era with many new innovations and inventions, some deadly and some beneficial. A crucial event during this time period was the Paris Peace conference in 1919. The need for this conference was caused by World War I and the big three (Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd-George and Georges Clemencueau). The Paris Peace Conference had many outcomes such as the Treaty of Versailles, the formation of the League of Nations, L’ Organisation de la Paix (1921-27) and the Dawes plan. World War I commenced after the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand in Serbia.The Black Hand Gang were Bosnian terrorists who were behind the assassination. Their motive was to protest again the seizure of their own country by Austria-Hungary. After Franz Ferdinand and his wife had been killed Austria-Hungary announced war. The alliance system at the time was intricate between all of the European Nations. Russia was allies with Serbia and France an d Britain were allies with Russia so they declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany who were allies. The empires overseas colonies then joined in the war. The technology in World War I was highly advanced during this time period.Many inventions such as the Fokker, U boat, tanks, personal weapons, grenades, gas and trenches created horrific violence and death for both sides. Trenches destroyed French land. Germany created the Fokker, an aircraft that was priceless and The U boat, which was a submarine, a very clever and sneaky innovation. Tanks provided more force on the ground. The effects of ‘modern war’ were physically and emotionally damaging to the men fighting for their country and their families at home. Since personal weapons and gas had been created there was no need to fight face to face with the opposite side.Men were made to feel like hardware, and small mechanism on the big scale of war, as though they were disposable. This was also mentally damaging. Arti st Otto Dix shows this, portraying men as half robot half men as though war had changed them forever, physically and emotionally. People wanted peace and serenity in their lives. After Germany surrender in November on the 11th, 1918 the Paris Peace Conference materialized. During the war the German government was running on the emperor system however they changed their government structure to a democracy system.Germany thought that this would minimise their punishment after signing the peace treaty however, they were very wrong. Twenty-one countries attended the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. Germany was not invited to attend. The big Three, USA (President Woodrow Wilson), Britain (Prime Minister David Lloyd-George) and France (Premier Georges â€Å"Tiger† Clemenceau) were all major influences. They all wanted to protect and look out for their own countries and all wanted different outcomes of the Paris Peace Conference.Woodrow Wilson was the President of the USA dur ing the time of the Treaty Versailles. He thought that the punishments being laid upon Germany were too harsh and opted for a softer punishment. He incorporated his 14 point plan into the treaty and believed there should be â€Å"peace without victors or vanquished†. He wanted the end of old empires and arranged for new countries to be formed such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Finland. He thought that if the treaty was not so harsh Germany would not start another war again in order for revenge.David Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of Britain during this time. Britain was never invaded by Germany but many British soldiers fought and died on the front line. Many British people wanted revenge so David supported harsh penalties but not to the same extent as France. He wanted to â€Å"squeeze Germany until their pips squeak† but privately wanted to be soft; he didn’t think harsh measures were fair. He wanted to ensure that France did not become too powerful in Eu rope and wanted the German economy to remain strong to balance the power of Europe.He was worried about Wilson’s 14 point plan for â€Å"self determination†, offering colonies the right to their own say in their future, he wanted to preserve their Empire. Georges Clemenceau or â€Å"tiger† as he was otherwise known, had been defeated by Germany in both WW1 and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71. He wanted to ensure security from another invasion and partly wanted revenge for being humiliated and defeated. Much of WW1 had been fought on French soil, which led to huge damage to historic and important buildings and resources. France shared a Border with Germany so Georges wanted punishment to be harsh and make Germany weak.He wanted Germany to pay for all the destruction they had caused. He demanded harsh penalties for Germany so France would be protected. The consequences of the Paris Peace Conference were extensive and vast. It created treaties, alliances, groups and rules that otherwise would not of been formed if the Paris Peace Conference had not existed. The Treaty of Versailles was the first outcome of the Conference. This treaty affected Germany mainly however they were not allowed to negotiate the treaty with the big three, they we arguably forced into it.If Germany did not sign then war would resume. The treaty aimed to weaken Germany by reducing their Territory, reducing their military, weakening their economy and shaming them through a war guilt clause (article 231). Their military was reduced to 100 000 soldiers in the army and the navy and air force were terminated. Germany caused a lot of damage to France during war and was set to pay reparations. This also weakened their economy so that they could not afford to start another war. Their territory was reduced by 13. % and they lost all their overseas colonies Germany was furious at this treaty but they had no choice but to sign. The next day the newspaper headlines read; â€Å" vengeance German Nation! † The next consequence of the Paris Peace Conference was the Dawes plan. Germany was struggling to pay France and Britain the war reparations and without the money France and Britain could not pay the USA their war debts. So Dawes and politician created the Dawes plan, which, was a money go round plan. The USA would lend money to Germany to pay France and Britain reparations and then France and Britain could pay the USA.This was called ‘artificial prosperity’, because the peace or the prosperity relied on the US economy and when the stock market crashed in 1929 it sent the countries relying on the USA into deep economic depression. After the Paris Peace Conference the League of Nations was formed. This was a part of Wilson’s 14-point plan for peace. It was the creation of an international body that looked after itself and international issues. The proposal was a ‘league of nations’ that would reject war as a means of so lving disputes, instead relying on diplomacy and negotiation. The U. S government did not support their president and refused to join the league even though it was his idea. They believed in ‘isolationism’ and wanted nothing to do with the European issues. This caused problems because the USA was superpower. Germany and Russia were also not invited to join and they were communist. L’ organisation de la Paix was the French security measure. The French were not prepared to rest on ideals for their defence. They refused to disarm (an idea for the league of nations for peace) and set about building up a set of military alliances to surround Germany.The French were worried that if Germany became strong again that they would attack. They also built a physical barrier between themselves and Germany called the Maginot line, in 1927. By 1926 Germany was invited to join the League of Nations. The conference created at decade of peace through Europe. However, after the stoc k market had crashed (which resulted in the world entering depression) the political party the Nazis overtook Germany and showed their hatred toward the treaty of Versailles and The League of Nations which resulted in world war II.

Free Indirect Discourse in Emma

Free and Direct Discourse in Jane Austen’s, Emma Jane Austen is often considered to have one of the most compelling narrative voices in literature. Blurring the line between third and first person, Austen often combines the thoughts of the narrator with the feelings and muses of the focalized character. Emma is perhaps her most prominent example of free indirect discourse, where the narrator’s voice is often diffused into that of the characters. In the following passage, Emma takes on her role at match-maker between Mr. Elton and Harriet Smith, two naive and somewhat air-headed characters in the novel.Mr. Elton was the very first person fixed on by Emma for driving the young farmer out of Harriet’s head. She though it would be an excellent match; and only too palpably desirable, natural, and probable for her to have much merit in planning it. She feared it was what everybody else must think of and predict. It was not likely, however, that anybody should have equa led her in the date of the plan, as it had entered her brain during the very first evening of Harriet’s coming to Hartfield. The longer she considered it, the greater was her sense of expediency.Mr. Elton’s situation was most suitable, quite the gentleman himself, and without low connections; at the same time not of any family that could fairly object to the doubtful birth of Harriet. He had a comfortable home for her, and Emma imagined a very sufficient income; for though the vicarage of Highbury was not large, he was known to have some independent property; and she thought very highly of him as a good humoured, well-meaning, respectable young man, without any deficiency of useful understanding or knowledge of the world. (Austen, 88)The narrative technique used in this passage is clearly free indirect discourse. There is a definite blur between the narrator and the character, who in this case is Emma, as it often is. The very first sentence delves into Emma’s p lotting thoughts of connecting Mr. Elton and Harriet. Austen then goes on to say that Emma has been the first to think of this, as she did so at Harriet’s first arrival in Hartfield. It almost sounds as if Austen is bragging that Emma was the first to think of this earthshattering idea, but then again, was it Austen or Emma who was bragging? It is hard for the reader to decide.Emma thought the idea so obvious that everyone must have already thought it, but what made her idea better was that it was had first. If a strict third person narrator would have related Emma’s idea to us, we would not get as much insight into why it was such a good idea and Emma’s thought process on it. Perhaps a third person narrator would have simply said, â€Å"and then Emma had the idea that Mr. Elton could replace the unworthy farmer. † In the next couple of sentences, Emma continues her stream of consciousness by listing the qualities that make Mr. Elton a suitable match for Harriet.This portion of the passage reflects Emma’s subjectivity and can be considered â€Å"a transcript of [her] conscious thought† (Gunn, 40). These considerations were not being made by the narrator. The person telling Emma’s story has no gain or loss in who Harriet decides to marry, but to Emma, it is of the utmost importance. This shows that the stream must be originating from Emma’s consciousness, and not that of the narrator. The reader can hear Emma’s judgments especially in the phrase, â€Å"quite the gentleman himself,† which shows that she thinks all of these qualities that Mr.Elton possesses makes him a worthy gentleman, and thus a candidate for Harriet’s love and affection. Even the style that this phrase is uttered in is representative of a stream of thought. It is interjected into the sentence discussing Mr. Elton’s suitability. Had a strict, third person narrator written this sentence, it would have been more c rafted and less conversational. The entire concept itself is not entirely necessary for the reader to follow, but it helps to understand the character of Emma and why she feels such a need to be a match maker among her acquaintances.Emma also expresses her thoughts about Harriet’s suitability in the following sentence, although it is brief. She says of Mr. Elton that he is, â€Å"at the same time not of any family that could fairly object to the doubtful birth of Harriet. † Here, it is Emma, not the narrator, who is acknowledging Harriet’s inferior and â€Å"doubtful† birth. It is Emma who does not think that it will be an issue to be acted upon for the simple reason that Mr. Elton has no family to object to the union. Although Emma’s voice is very prominent in this passage, the third person narrator still remains, which is what essentially makes it Austen’s style of ree indirect discourse. In phrases such as, â€Å"Emma imagined,† or , â€Å"she thought,† the reader is forced to considered that the third party narrator is still present and relating the story. Some literature theorists consider this â€Å"contamination† to free indirect discourse (Gunn, 40). Instead of contamination, I think it is what makes Austen’s narrative voice so interesting. The reader must stay attentive in order to follow the stream of consciousness wavering between the narrator and the characters.While being told the story, the reader is also made aware of more minute details that they may not have been presented with had the story been told without free indirect discourse. The fact that the two voices do intermingle so often is a suggestion â€Å"that the distinction between them is arbitrary, at least in Austen’s fiction† (Gunn, 40). Although Emma’s thoughts are freely transcribed within Austen’s passages of free indirect discourse, the ever-present narrator remains in order to guide th e characters in their thoughts as to what needs to be presented to the reader.The 2009 BBC film version of Emma did a very nice job reflecting Emma’s thoughts throughout the movie with voice overs while showing a tight shot of her face on the screen and her respective facial expressions to the thoughts she was having. In this movie, the narrator was removed when Emma pondered over her thoughts. An interesting way to do it could be that the narrator remains, still telling the story through free indirect discourse just as in the novel and filming it in a similar way to the BBC version.The narrator would speak almost directly from the novel and Emma’s facial expressions would still reflect her passions about what was being said. In this particular passage, the narrator would be speaking Emma’s thoughts on Mr. Elton’s qualifications while Emma reacted. This would still allow the story to be told from a third person point-of-view while simultaneously allowing the viewer free range of Emma’s thoughts. Resources: Jane Austen’s Emma in electronic form Gunn, Daniel. â€Å"Free Indirect Discourse and Narrative Authority in Emma. †Ã‚  Free Indirect Discourse and Narrative Authority in Emma. 12. 1 (2004): 35-54. Print.

The Characteristics of Partnership

Partnership is one of the most popular types of enterprise in Vietnam. A partnership is an unincorporated association of two or more individuals to carry on a business for profit. Many small businesses including retail, service, and professional practitioners, are organized as partnerships. Like the other types, partnership contains its own features and characteristics which help to differentiate itself from the others. First of all, in terms of the number of partners, there are no less than two partners who are joint owners of the company and carry out business.In addition to general partner, there may also be limited partners. General partner is required to be individual and will be liable to all obligations of the partnership with his entire property, while limited partner will be liable to debts of the partnership only to the extent of their capital contributed to the partnership. It should be pointed out that there are restrictions on the rights of general partners. General part ner cannot be sole proprietor or general partner of another partnership, unless otherwise agreed by remaining general partners.Besides, general partner is not allowed to act on his own behalf or on behalf of other persons in implementing the same business activities of the partnership for the benefit of himself or other. Also, general partner is not permitted to transfer a part or whole of his capital contribution to others. It is necessary to mention that a partnership will be given legal status from the issuing date of the certificate of business registration and that partnership is not entitled to issue any type of securities. The next characteristic of partnership is limited life.The life of a partnership may be established as a certain number of years by the agreement. If no such agreement is made, the death, inability to carry out specific responsibilities, bankruptcy, or the desire of a partner to withdraw automatically terminates the partnership. Every time a partner withdra ws or is added, a new partnership agreement is required if the business will continue to operate as a partnership. With proper provisions, the partnership's business may continue and the termination or withdrawal of the partnership will be a documentation issue that does not impact ongoing operations of the partnership.Unlimited liability is another feature relating to partnership. This is the prominent feature of partnership that the liability of each partner is not limited to the amount invested but his private property is also liable to pay the business obligations. Partners may be called on to use their personal assets to satisfy partnership debts when the partnership cannot meet its obligations. If one partner does not have sufficient assets to meet his/her share of the partnership's debt, the other partners can be held individually liable by the creditor requiring payment.There must be agreement between the parties concerned. This is the most important characteristics of partn ership. Without agreement partnership cannot be formed. But only competent persons are entitled to make a contract. There are some provisions contained in the partnership agreement. These are determined clearly before the commencement of business. But it differs from business to business. These documents may be written or oral. But it must be written so that disputes may be settled according to the provisions of agreement.Moreover, in terms of capital contribution, it is stated that general partner and limited partner are required to make capital contribution fully and promptly as committed. General partner who does not make capital contribution so fully and promptly that cause losses to the company must compensate for those losses. If a limited partner does not contribute capital fully and promptly as committed, deficiency in the capital contribution will be considered as his/her debt to the company; in this case, such a limited partner may be expelled from the partnership by a dec ision of the partners’ council.By contrast, with a full capital contribution, partners will be granted a certificate of capital contribution. Another characteristic that belongs to partnership is the division of profits or losses. It is not essential that all the partners must share the losses also. There may be a provision in the partnership deed that a particular partner or partners shall not bear losses. The profit is arrived at after providing for salaries to the partners and interest on capital, if agreed and stated in the agreement.That last but not least feature of partnership is about the business management. Firstly, it is specified that all general partners are entitled to act as legal representative of the partnership in carrying out business activities. Any restriction applicable to general partners in relation to conducting day-to-day business activities of the partnership will be effective to the third party if this party is informed. Secondly, general partners will agree on division of their duties in relation to management and running of the company.If a business activity is carried out by several partners, the decision will be adopted on the principle of majority. Additionally, the partnership will not be liable to any activity that is conducted by general partner and outside the scope of business activities of the partnership, unless otherwise agreed by the partners. Thirdly, the partnership can open one or several accounts with a bank. The partners’ council will appoint one partner who is required to deposit and withdraw money from those accounts.Lastly, chairman of the partners’ council, director or general director of the partnership is obligated to: manage and run the day-to-day business operation as a general partner; convene and organize meetings of the partners’ council, sign decisions of the partners’ council; make arrangement of business activities and coordination between partners, sign decisions p romulgating internal rules and other working regulations of the partnership, retain fully and honestly all accounting books, invoices and other documents in pursuant to the laws, act on behalf of the partnership in working with state authority, play the part as a plaintiff or defendant in lawsuits or other commercial disputes as well as other duties as stipulate in the company charter.