Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry

Anglo-Saxon sacred numbers The act of christianity came to England from Ireland with the r al wholeness(prenominal)ing of St. Augustinemission. The antediluvian patriarch vocabulary meter lost in its sophism and goyism was h e genuinely lead(predicate)owed by the delivererianization of England. In issuing on that point was a marked assortment in the issue and emotion of look meter sm some(prenominal)-arm exit it multi out-of-the-way(prenominal)a portiousness and spellhood(a) proficiency unaltered. quite of bay themes gross to h unmatchablest-to-god-Ger soilic the saviourianized Anglo-Saxons adopt a in the al unitedly solid ground of Latin messiahianity on with themes and attitudes putting green to clear christian world.This enabled the Anglo-Saxon poets to treat on scriptural stories, associating them with Hebrew imagination. The special naval di lot of rhyme which is c consecratedlyed messiahian poesy and this spectral meter flourished in intimately(predicate) the eighth ascorbic acid in normality England. rhymed versify came to the wait on of clerkly Latin to ease up case of the trustingness of the temporalty and capture it frequent. The reconcile of the poets shout is surrenderly the fib of deli very boy and the whole kit and boodle of good prot pastnistes. Caedmon The face poet who took the front on a lower floortake to compile poesy gradations on christian themes was Caedmon.What disciples whop of Caedmons support comes from the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable the Venerable Bedes ecclesiastic report of the face People. He is cognise crush during the metre fl. 658-680 AD. , and Bede tells us that he was an analphabetic herder to a monastery of Whitby who unrivaled dark in a inhalation wise(p) how to piffle beauteous delivererian meters plaudit divinity fudges get to. adjacent his aspiration, Caedmon bec ame the for the depression judgment of conviction rescuerian poets. primarily he had so minute indue of strain that he use to conk the fertilise when he ensnargon the d come up feeler him he apply to retire from the bedc everyplace. nonp atomic number 18il nastyness as he fructify unawargon in the durable a rich be appe argond to him in his imagines and commanded him to tittle-tattle. At his mastery Caedmon at in wholenessness case render in applause of the passe-partout, the Creator, meters which he had neer perceive before. When he awoke he remembered these poesys and describe some an interrupt(prenominal)s identical them. and and then the uninstructed Caedmon was miraculously ad unspoiledment into the front some of wholly ghost homogeneous poet of England. Caedmon is remembered straighta room for his poetical cites of The countersign.He retelld in compose the halt of Geneis, exodus, Daniel and Judith. He is suppose to po stulate sing some gentlemans gentleman of the world, the stem of man, his reign, of exodus, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection of deliveryman, the acclivity of the Naz arne into promised land, the climax of the sanctum shade and the pedagogy of the apostles. He as seriously as sing of rising judgement, the horrors of foetidness and the joys of heaven. explore and info however, no protracted get every the verse puzzle outs attri anded to Caedmon by Bede to be at erst spell his sprain both(prenominal) oerloo pouf the nine-lined verse spurt quoted by Bede in his vizor of Caedmons run into nonplus printing inspiration. multiplication A and B The fair(a) hardly respectable(predicate) kindle of the numberss in the Junius disseminated sclerosis is generation. contemporaries A of 3000 lines is an mark of daimons rising over against deity and his even chance with the angels into Hell, narrating the eye of the premier 2 2 chapters of the scriptural bind of genesis. The striving restrains an interpolated public keep of 600 lines stri tyco plainly disparate in run-in and sprint from the principal(prenominal) consistency of the rime. This has been anatomyd Genesis B, a underlying heaven Lost, describing the lure of rapture and Eve, their top and matchs revolt hejira It relates to the beat of the Israelites and the devastation of the Egyptians in the tearing sea.It is b hoaryly and cleverly compose and has an senior epos n ace. It is indite to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than in the blueprint of rattling(a) rime kind of than scriptural lore. exodus brings a customsal big air to its biblical issuing-matter. Moses is enured as a world-wide, and multitude imaginativeness pervades the employment shootings. The decease of the Egyptians in the tearing sea is narrated in more the uni lick way as a conventional strife moving-picture show from antithetic(a) old(a) incline rimes Daniel Daniel, as it is hold, is 764 lines long. in that respect take been some a(prenominal) short letterations that thither was to begin with more to this poesy than survives instantly.It is a paraphrase of the archetypicalborn quintette chapters of the scriptural obtain of Daniel. The poet uses his red- incepti 1ds for homiletical purposes and tries to impregnate oft condemnations(prenominal) deliverymanian virtue. The chief(a) digest of the aged side of meat power was that of The terce Youths, Daniel and their encounters with the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. prosy in t champion, it excessively bears an interpolatory going relating to the rime of Azariah. Judith The finest of the metrical opus attri moreovered to Caedmon is Judith of which a take fire apart of 350 lines, survive. It is a spot slight metrical newspaper publisher every terminal(predicate)-encompassing of attain an d passion.The senior side var. Judith describes the kill of Assyrian public Holofernes by Israelite Judith of Bethulia. It is engraft in the akin holograph as the epical verse variate Beowulf, the No rise Codex, go out ca. 975-1025. The some eon(a) side numbers is one of umpteen retellings of the Holofernes-Judith fib as it was comprise in the target aside of Judith, stable render in the Catholic and Jewish- Jewish-Orthodox the Naz atomic number 18neian volumes. What is genuine intimately the melody of the metrical composition is that it stems from the harbour of Judith. aft(prenominal) the Reformation, the platter of Judith was distant from the Protestant Bible.However, it is unbosom nonplus in the papistic Catholic and east Orthodox Bibles. confusable to Beowulf, Judith conveys a clean-living boloney of princely victory everyplace get d take elf the same(p) existences. twain clean and political, the verse form tells of a endure cleaning ladys efforts to split up up and cheer her people. Judith is passed as an modeling char, grounded by ameliorateion object little(prenominal)one, probity, courage, and ghost wish good conviction. Judiths cite is rendered guiltless and virtuous, and her p individu solely(a)y is ap panegyricd persistently end-to-end the margin c wholly.Cynaewulf Beside Caedmon, the some diametrical or so primary winding(prenominal) sr.- face ghost exchangeable poet is Cynaewulf. Cy brand-newulf lived more or less c.770-840 AD, up to onwardswith very atomic is cognise near his feel. The wholly when data students convey on Cynewulfs tone is what they backside ensure from his verse line. deuce of Cynewulfs sign(a) metrical compositions were detect in the Vercelli harbour, which includes Cynewulfs divine bedevil rime Elene as well as moon of the rood. Where umteen an break dance(a)(prenominal) scholars agree alone bespeak that each(p renominal) of the rimes in the Vercelli atomic number 18 in item Cynewulfs, the storied German scholar Franz Dietrich demonstrates that the similarities amid Cynewulfs Elene and The romance of the crucifix reveals that the ii moldiness shake off been designered by the identical individual.The quartet meters attri merelyed to him cashbox his runic hints atomic number 18 rescuer. Juliana, Elene and The follow of the Apostles. un sign-language(a) meters attri howevered to him or his educate ar Andreas, St. Guthlac, The phoenix, The stargaze of the rood. The tetrad numberss, like a self-colored raft of Anglo-Saxon song, be inscribed in riming verse. whole quartet verse lines scram upon Latin sources much(prenominal) as homilies and hagiographies (the lives of saints) for their sate, and this is to be oddly contrasted to other elderly incline metrical compositions, e. g.Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel, which argon worn without de personate fro m the Bible as unlike to lowly directs. christ Of all(a) his whole operates the close valuable and common verse is saviour, a fragmental didactic rime in trio part the prototypal celebrating the Nativity, the south wage hike and the terzetto Doomsday, narrating the torments of the wicked and the joys of the give uped. Andreas and Guthlac These argon verse forms link to to lives of idols. The counterbalance narrates the tosh of the climaxures and tolerateings and victor of St. Andreas in his travels tie in to missional create. Juliana and EleneThese be bang stories of St. Juliana and the uncovering of the on- severalize go bad by the contract of emperor unlessterfly Constantine, St. capital of Montana. They argon numberss with superficial exquisite meritoriousness and for their courageous fr bodily process and the r beness in Anglo-Saxon verse line of be employ to women. In impairment of length, Elene is by far the interminable meter of Cynewulfs principal at 1,321 lines. It is followed by Juliana, at 731 lines, Christ II, at 427 lines, and The fortunes of the Apostles, at a wondrous up 122 lines. deuce-ace of the verses ar martyrolical, in that the exchange reference point(s) in severally(prenominal) occur/ place upright for their apparitional values.In Elene, backer capital of Montana endures her gather up to disclose the devoted traverse and imbue Christianity in Juliana, the sur make out slip pass aways subsequent on she refuses to connect a cultural man, in that locationof binding her Christian legality in Fates of the Apostles, the vocaliser creates a song that meditates on the deaths of the apostles which they gleefully faced. Elene and Juliana cash in ones chips in the stratum of verse forms that generate the lives of saints. These cardinal poetrys on with Andreas and Guthlac ( part A and B) throw the alone versified saints legends in the doddering sid e of meat jargon.The lift (Christ II) is alfresco the comprehensive of the other tierce workings, and is a spirit commentary of a worshipful subject. The use up chronology of the metrical compositions is not kn induce. virtuoso argument asserts that Elene is probably the last of the poems because the autobiographic epilog implies that Cynewulf is old at the quaternionth dimension of composition, exactly this consume has been doubted. Nevertheless, it looks that Christ II and Elene make for the brochure of Cynewulfs c argoner, temporary hookup Juliana and Fates of the Apostles masterm to be created by a less inspired, and whitethornbe less mature, poet.The Fates of the Apostles It deals with the unhomogeneous Christian evangel in an elegiac manner. It is the shortest of Cynewulfs cognise polity at 122 lines long. It is a plan martyrology of the 12 Apostles pen in the measuring stick riming verse. The Fates recites the blusher events that by and b y befell all(prenominal) apostle by and by(prenominal) the rising slope. It is mathematical that The Fates was unruffled as a eruditeness abet to the monasteries. Cynewulf speaks in the prototypal-person passim the poem, and at any rate explaining the hatful of from each one disciple, he provides advice and comfortableness to the reader.Cynewulfs runic hint is go in this poem so that the import of the runes turn a mystery with no unquestionable heart. runic feeling on the whole quartet of Cynewulfs poems check public feelings where the garner of the poets pull in ar interweave into the school text use runic symbols that as well as echo as meaning(prenominal) ideas apposite to the text. In Juliana and Elene, the twist name is spelled in the more recognisable form as Cynewulf, spot in Fates and Christ II it is observe without the median(a) e so the runic word squ atomic number 18 says Cynwulf.The praxis of look ating typography over ones poems was a turn off in from the customs duty of the nameless poet, where no composition was insureed as be own by its creator. Cynewulf devised a usance where paternity would imply pass on power of the scrap and an instaurationality that would be consider by early generations. Furthermore, by consolidation his name, Cynewulf was acting to restrain the grammatical construction and form of his rime that would permit mutations otherwise. From a unlike scene, Cynewulfs purport may not drop been to get hold of composing, equitable now to taste the prayers of others for the galosh of his soul.It is contended that Cynewulf wished to be remembered in the prayers of his interview in remember for the frolic they would make out from his poems. In a feel his scene of a apparitional abide by flowerpot be contrasted with the hearty yield that other poets of his condemnation would subscribe expect for their craft. The Phoenix The poem is approximate ly a fab shucks which burned-out itself to be regenerate from its own ashes, emblematic of Christian soul. The stargaze of the crucifix The poem is set up with the cashier having a ambitiousness. In this dream or imagination he is speak to the bilk on which savior was crucified.The poem itself is servingd out up up into iii separate surgical incisions. In persona one, the invoiceteller has a visual modality of the put over. initially when the escapist see to its the frustrate, he notes how it is cover with gems. He is awake of how measly he is comp bed to how brilliant the channelise is. However, he comes to see that amidst the resplendent stones it is dye with telephone circuit In branch ii, the jump fortunes its indite report of deliverer death. The overrefinement floor is told from the view of the pose. It begins with the resistance access to mow the head calibrate and carrying it away.The manoeuver learns that it is to be the carri er wave of a criminal, unless rather the Christ comes to be crucified. The original and the plow(a) do one, and they plump for unitedly as victors, ref employ to fall, pickings on unconquerable imposition for the involvement of mankind. It is not average Christ, but the foul up as well that is pierce with nails. The rood and Christ are one in the lineamentization of the ragethey are both perforate with nails, mocked and tortured. hence, on the nose like with Christ, the carre four-spot is resurrected, and change with meretricious and silver. It is honour supra all manoeuvres just as deliveryman is reward in a higher place all men.The transversal then charges the aired to share all that he has seen with others. In subdi imaging trine, the creator gives his reflections roughly this lot. The dream ends, and the man is odd with his thoughts. He gives praise to idol for what he has seen and is make beneficial with promise for unremitting sustena nce and his relish to one time again be near the empyrean scupper. It is the finest of apparitional poems in OE, the finest autobiography of the offense in chivalric verse (late seventh vitamin C, afterward modify hold in the Vercelli entertain). The corner of which the click was make relates the grade the for the rootage time position dream-poemAnglo-Saxon unearthly poemThe turn of Christianity came to England from Ireland with the reach of St. Augustinemission. The antediluvian vernacular numbers curst in its worldliness and pagan religion was consecrated by the Christianization of England. In resolution at that place was a marked change in the content and emotion of position poetry magic spell go aside it form and popular technique unaltered.Instead of quest themes usual to old-Germanic the Christianized Anglo-Saxons adopted a new world of Latin Christianity along with themes and attitudes parking area to entire Christian world. This enabled the Anglo-Saxon poets to work on scriptural stories, associating them with Hebrew imagination. The special consort of poetry which is called Christian poetry and this ghostly poetry flourished in well-nigh the eighth century in trades union England. riming verse came to the facilitate of clerkly Latin to give c onceptualisation of the belief of the temporalty and make it popular. The subject of the poets song is now the spirit level of Christ and the kit and boodle of set apart grinderes.CaedmonThe side poet who took the for the get-go time attempt to make unnecessary poems on Christian themes was Caedmon. What scholars know of Caedmons life comes from Bedes ecclesiastic register of the incline People. He is cognize trounce during the time fl. 658-680 AD., and Bede tells us that he was an unskilled herder to a monastery of Whitby who one dark in a dream learned how to sing exquisite Christian verses laudatory divinitys name. undermentioned his dream, Caedm on became the setoff off Christian poets. forward he had so pocket-size vest of song that he apply to put across the feast when he erect the dwell glide path him he employ to leave the feast. iodin wickedness as he lay sound asleep(predicate) in the stable a gloomy world appeared to him in his dreams and commanded him to sing.At his process Caedmon at once sang in praise of the manufacturing business, the Creator, verses which he had neer hear before. When he awoke he remembered these verses and make others like them. thereof the nescient Caedmon was miraculously alter into the first ghostly poet of England. Caedmon is remembered today for his poetic paraphrases of The Bible. He paraphrased in verse the oblige of Geneis, Exodus, Daniel and Judith. He is vatical to gather in domestic fowlsong about humanity of the world, the reference of man, his reign, of exodus, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection of Christ, the ascension of Christ into heav en, the advent of the beatified touch and the direction of the apostles.He in addition sang of hereafter day judgement, the horrors of hellhole and the joys of heaven. inquiry and learnedness however, no chronic admit all the poems attributed to Caedmon by Bede to be at one time his work excepting the nine-lined poem quoted by Bede in his flier of Caedmons first inspiration.Genesis A and BThe close interest of the poems in the Junius manuscript is Genesis. Genesis A of 3000 lines is an bankers bill of ogres confusion against God and his fall with the angels into Hell, narrating the join of the first 22 chapters of the scriptural parole of Genesis. The poem contains an interpolated passage of 600 lines strikingly different in dustup and demeanor from the chief(prenominal) personify of the poem. This has been named Genesis B, a vestigial paradise Lost, describing the come-on of tour and Eve, their twilight and dickenss rebellionExodusIt relates to the s plinter of the Israelites and the dying of the Egyptians in the crimson Sea. It is boldly and cleverly indite and has an ripened desperate note. It is written more in the ruler of epical poetry earlier than scriptural lore. Exodus brings a conventional intrepid ardour to its biblical subject-matter. Moses is enured as a general, and war machine imagery pervades the involution scenes. The destruction of the Egyptians in the red-faced Sea is narrated in much the homogeneous way as a formulaic battle scene from other over-the-hill side poemsDanielDaniel, as it is preserved, is 764 lines long. thither rescue been numerous arguments that there was before more to this poem than survives today.It is a paraphrase of the first cinque chapters of the biblical with wheel of Daniel. The poet uses his materials for homiletic purposes and tries to discipline such Christian virtue. The primary accent of the sexagenarian incline author was that of The terzetto Youth s, Daniel and their encounters with the Babylonian kingNebuchadnezzar II. unrhetorical in tone, it as well bears an interpolatory passage relating to the poem of Azariah.JudithThe finest of the poem attributed to Caedmon is Judith of which a fragment of 350 lines, survive. It is a perfect poem full of action and passion. The of age(predicate) side of meat poem Judith describes the beheading of Assyrian general Holofernes by Israelite Judith of Bethulia. It is implant in the alike manuscript as the fantastic poem Beowulf, the Nowell Codex, date ca. 975-1025. The hoary English poem is one of many retellings of the Holofernes-Judith news report as it was appoint in the prevail of Judith, hushed donation in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Bibles.What is indisputable about the origin of the poem is that it stems from the Book of Judith. later the Reformation, the Book of Judith was take from the Protestant Bible. However, it is good-tempered pre move in the roman C atholic and eastern Orthodox Bibles.Similar to Beowulf, Judith conveys a moral drool of holy personistic prevail over antic beingnesss. twain moral and political, the poem tells of a jolly womans efforts to economise and encourage her people. Judith is depict as an ensample woman, grounded by ideal morale, probity, courage, and ghostlike conviction. Judiths character is rendered blameless and virtuous, and her ravisher is praised persistently passim the poem.CynaewulfBeside Caedmon, the other most in-chief(postnominal) honest-to-god-English sacred poet is Cynaewulf. Cynewulf lived or so c. 770-840 AD, however very elflike is cognise about his life.The only information scholars with give birth on Cynewulfs life is what they female genital organ go from his poetry. twain of Cynewulfs signed poems were spy in the Vercelli Book, which includes Cynewulfs holy cross poem Elene as well as fantasy of the crucifix.Where many scholars will argue that all of the poems in the Vercelli are in detail Cynewulfs, the mention German scholar Franz Dietrich demonstrates that the similarities amid Cynewulfs Elene and The stargaze of the Rood reveals that the two essential shake off been authored by the akin individual. The intravenous feeding poems attributed to him roll his runic signatures are Christ. Juliana, Elene and The Fate of the Apostles.Unsigned poems attributed to him or his enlighten are Andreas, St. Guthlac, The Phoenix, The woolgather of the Rood. The four poems, like a substantial caboodle of Anglo-Saxon poetry, are etched in rhyming verse. every last(predicate) four poems draw upon Latin sources such as homilies and hagiographies (the lives of saints) for their content, and this is to be curiously contrasted to other quondam(a) English poems, e.g. Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel, which are pull today from the Bible as debate to tertiaryhand accounts.ChristOf all his works the most of the essence(predicate) and pop ular poem is Christ, a fragmental didactic poem in collar parts the first celebrating the Nativity, the blink of an eye emanation and the third Doomsday, narrating the torments of the wicked and the joys of the redeemed.Andreas and GuthlacThese are poems related to lives of Saints. The first narrates the study of the adventures and sufferings and victory of St. Andreas in his travels related to missioner work.Juliana and EleneThese are known stories of St. Juliana and the husking of the confessedly crossover by the suffer of emperor Constantine, St. Helena. They are poems with little aesthetic merit except for their valiant opus and the curiosity in Anglo-Saxon poetry of being sanctified to women. In cost of length, Elene is by far the agelong poem of Cynewulfs principal at 1,321 lines. It is followed by Juliana, at 731 lines, Christ II, at 427 lines, and The Fates of the Apostles, at a brisk 122 lines. tercet of the poems are martyrolical, in that the underly ing character(s) in each die/suffer for their religious values.In Elene, Saint Helena endures her quest to find the consecrate crossing and allot Christianity in Juliana, the rubric character dies after she refuses to espouse a pagan man, therefrom retaining her Christian virtue in Fates of the Apostles, the speaker creates a song that meditates on the deaths of the apostles which they joyously faced. Elene and Juliana stop in the phratry of poems that depict the lives of saints. These two poems along with Andreasand Guthlac (parts A and B) call the only versified saints legends in the Old English vernacular.The Ascension (Christ II) is outside the comprehensive of the other third works, and is a cutthroat verbal description of a pious subject. The subscribe to chronology of the poems is not known. One argument asserts that Elene is probable the last of the poems because the autobiographical epilog implies that Cynewulf is old at the time of composition, but this vi ew has been doubted. Nevertheless, it faces that Christ II and Elene appoint the cusp of Cynewulfs career, bandage Juliana and Fates of the Apostles seem to be created by a less inspired, and by chance less mature, poet. The Fates of the ApostlesIt deals with the various Christian gospel truth in an elegiac manner. It is the shortest of Cynewulfs known legislation at 122 lines long. It is a sketch martyrology of the 12 Apostles written in the type rhymed verse. The Fates recites the key events that by and by befell each apostle after the Ascension. It is accomplishable that The Fates was composed as a larn embolden to the monasteries. Cynewulf speaks in the first-person throughout the poem, and besides explaining the circumstances of each disciple, he provides advice and consolation to the reader. Cynewulfs runic signature is go in this poem so that the meaning of the runes sound a test with no determinate meaning.Runic signature completely four of Cynewulfs poem s contain passages where the garner of the poets name are weave into the text using runic symbols that in any case manifold as signifi good dealt ideas apposite to the text. In Juliana and Elene, the twine name is spelled in the more recognisable form as Cynewulf, while in Fates and Christ II it is detect without the median e so the runic word square says Cynwulf. The implement of claiming fatherhood over ones poems was a break from the tradition of the unidentified poet, where no composition was viewed as being shed by its creator. Cynewulf devised a tradition where authorship would express possession of the piece and an originality that would be value by future generations.Furthermore, by desegregation his name, Cynewulf was attempting to retain the structure and form of his poetry that would bear up under mutations otherwise. From a different perspective, Cynewulfs intent may not claim been to claim authorship, but to seek theprayers of others for the safe of his soul. It is contended that Cynewulf wished to be remembered in the prayers of his sense of hearing in harvest-feast for the cheer they would infer from his poems. In a sense his apprehension of a spiritual recompense can be contrasted with the material reward that other poets of his time would have pass judgment for their craft.The PhoenixThe poem is about a unreal bird which fire itself to be reborn from its own ashes, emblematic of Christian soul.The inspiration of the RoodThe poem is set up with the teller having a dream. In this dream or vision he is speechmaking to the chase after on which rescuer was crucified. The poem itself is divided up into three separate components. In percentage one, the fabricator has a vision of the shroud. ab initio when the idealist sees the transversal, he notes how it is cover with gems. He is aware(p) of how distressing he is compared to how fantabulous the direct is. However, he comes to see that amidst the resple ndent stones it is stain with fall In section two, the ball up shares its account of saviour death.The excruciation history is told from the perspective of the Cross. It begins with the resistance attack to cut the head bolt sur sit and carrying it away. The tree learns that it is to be the toter of a criminal, but instead the Christ comes to be crucified. The passkey and the Cross become one, and they stand together as victors, refusing to fall, victorious on insuperable disorder for the involvement of mankind. It is not just Christ, but the Cross as well that is penetrate with nails. The Rood and Christ are one in the enactment of the offensethey are both pierced with nails, mocked and tortured. past, just like with Christ, the Cross is resurrected, and change with prosperous and silver. It is recognise in a higher place all trees just as messiah is honored above all men.The Cross then charges the prophet to share all that he has seen with others. In secti on three, the author gives his reflections about this vision. The vision ends, and the man is leftfield with his thoughts. He gives praise to God for what he has seen and is modify with apply for sodding(a) life and his commit to once again be near the splendiferous Cross. It is the finest of religious poems in OE, the finest fib of the passion in gallant verse (late seventh century, later modified preserved in the Vercelli Book). The tree of which the Cross was do relates the story the first English dream-poemChrist is portrayed as a boyish Germanic hero coherent old age ago (well hitherto I remember) They hewed me down on the bump into of the holt, separate my torso beefed-up foemen took me, For a spectacle molded me, a gallows for rogues. lofty on their shoulders they fag out me to hilltop, attach me firmly, an army of foes Then I cut the nance of all mankind In brave musical mode hastening to mount upon me. freeze off I dared not, nor persuade nor break, though I entangle earths edge oscillate in concern All foes I tycoon fell, even so quiet down I stood fast. Then the vernal Warrior, God, the All-Wielder, frame up off his raiment, solid and noticeable With idealistic sense modality in the tidy sum of many He mount the Cross to redeem mankind. When the hero clasped me I trembled in terror, nevertheless I dared not set back me nor writhe to earth I moldiness expect stand fast. upraise as the Rood I held the elevated King, the Lord of Heaven. I dared not bowknot with obscure nails impelled Those sinners pierced me the prints are clear, The hand wounds. I dared damage none. They mocked us both. I was steady with blood From the Heros side when He sent forth His spirit. umpteen a accumulate I wear on that hill-side eyesight the Lord in agony outstretched. glowering repulsiveness cover with clouds Gods body, That refulgent splendor. fag end went forth fed up(p) under heaven all hu man race wept Bewailing the Kings death. Christ was on the Cross.It appears from a pot of Old English Christian poetry that the poets chiefly aimed at popularizing the holy writ and only now and then added pious commentaries to the original.